By Rita Rubin
WebMD Health News
April 4, 2014 -- Perhaps no virus strikes as much fear in people as Ebola, the cause of a deadly outbreak in the West African nation of Guinea.
The Guinea Ministry of Health has reported 127 cases of Ebola virus disease as of April 1, and 83 people had died, according to the World Health Organization. The cases of infected people include 14 health care workers, 8 of whom have died.
Ebola was first identified in 1976, when it appeared in outbreaks in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is named for the Ebola River, which runs near the Congolese village where one of the first outbreaks happened.
WebMD asked Amesh Adalja, MD, about the virus and efforts to contain it. Adalja is an associate at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center’s Center for Biosecurity and a member of the U.S. government’s National Disaster Medical System.
Q. How deadly is Ebola?
A. The Ebola strain in the Guinea outbreak is the most lethal of the five known strains of the virus. It is called Ebola Zaire and kills up to 9 out of 10 infected people. But the high death rate might be due to a lack of modern medical care, Adalja says. “It’s hard to say exactly what the [death] rate would be in a modern hospital with all of its intensive care units.”
Q. What are the symptoms?
A. At first, the symptoms are like a bad case of the flu: high fever, muscle aches, headache, sore throat, and weakness. They are followed quickly by vomiting, diarrhea, and internal and external bleeding, which can spread the virus. The kidneys and liver begin to fail.
Ebola Zaire kills people quickly, typically 7 to 14 days after symptoms appear, Adalja says.
A person can have the virus but not show any symptoms for as long as 3 weeks, Adalja says. People who survive can still have the virus in their system for weeks afterward.
Q. How does the virus spread?
A. Ebola isn’t as contagious as more common viruses, such as colds, influenza, or measles, Adalja says. It spreads to people by close contact with skin and bodily fluids from infected animals, such as fruit bats and monkeys. Then it spreads from person to person the same way. It can also spread indirectly, such as by sharing a towel with an infected person.
The Guinea government has banned bat soup, which is a delicacy in that country, to help stop the spread. Adalja says he doesn’t know if that will help much, though, because the virus has already spilled over into humans. “The key message is to minimize bodily fluid exposures.”
Q. Is there a cure or a vaccine to protect against it?
source : FAQ: The Deadly Ebola Virus
